Ontology and #OccupySF
by Adam Robbert
On September 29th I did a little bit of amateur ethnography during what we might call an #OccupySF demonstration on Market Street in downtown San Francisco. The protest was peaceful and well organized (the organizing group even had volunteers wearing neon orange vests to help the crowd navigate the streets safely). In my estimation a stubborn – and crucial – problem shows itself here: how does one actually protest against a transnational corporation? Surely the folks down at the local Chase bank which the protestors were rallied around aren’t responsible for the global financial crisis (I didn’t get the impression that anyone at the demonstration believed that either). Nevertheless this was the location the group chose to rally around – an expression of their disapproval of the corporate heads lurking behind the Chase Corporation. I was able to snap a few pictures of the event:
This one shows the central rallying point of the demonstration, within which I estimate there were around 250 people in total:
And this one, not two blocks down the street, goes to show just how many people would be needed in order to really get the city of San Francisco’s attention (let alone the federal government’s). Outside of the demonstration’s small epicenter, the city barely takes notice of anything happening at all:
I don’t highlight this short-coming to disparage the demonstrators in anyway. Rather, I want to call attention to 1) how San Francisco, as the supposedly liberal-left city it is, hasn’t seemed to match its east coast counterparts in New York just yet and 2) that there is a strange philosophical problem lurking here. Specifically, I was struck by the strange ontological problem presented by this situation. A transnational corporation is a massively distributed, interconnected entity that operates via billions of transactions between humans, materials, laws, weapons, thousands of other species, and neoliberal ideologies (in OOO parlance, a corporation is a “hyperobject”). Where, then, does such an entity actually “exist” in our everyday notions of space and time? How do humans, or groups of humans, address such an entity? I see this as an ontological problem insofar as the structures of society (and I mean this literally in the sense, of roads, common areas, buildings, city districts, and the like) limit acts of “public” demonstration to physical locations (like the Chase bank of the protest). Yet there is an important sense in which a transnational corporation exists in space-time in a way different than a protest happening in a public location.
My question is then an open-ended one, meant more to inspire further thinking and action than to produce a single answer. How do you effect something that is there, but not really there? A corporation is a concrete part of experience, i.e., it is an objectively real entity, and yet, the corporation cannot be found in one’s direct experience (though many of its effects can and are) – its too big, too distributed. Its a little bit like trying to see with your own eyes the birth of a solar system – the timescales are just too long for any one human to observe. In this context I think a return to thinking ontology and metaphysics (particularly OOO – and perhaps even more specifically, Levi Bryant’s studious attention to social structure and justice) are arriving just in time. We need a concrete political ontology now more than ever, just as we need more demonstrators, activists, and policy makers to further the ever-increasing problems of ecological and social justice.
San Francisco, I know you can do better than this. Show me what your made of.


Coverage on the SF incarnation of #Occupy : http://www.alternet.org/newsandviews/article/676659/%23occupysf_%22crushed%22_what_i_read_on_twitter_didn%27t_quite_match_what_i_saw/#paragraph3
[Figured I'd repost this here]: Last week, I had to decide whether I’d go downtown to protest, or go to class. I ended up going to class. Why? Mostly for the reasons you’ve brought up… I was confused, and honestly a bit deflated, by these sorts of ontological questions. Where is Chase? Where is Goldman Sachs? Where is Bank of America? These entites are not located in downtown SF, nor even on Wall Street in NYC. Nonetheless, they are considered “persons” and have the same legal privileges that you and I have. Only, they don’t have to pay taxes for the income they earn in this country. Their personhood is no doubt a legal fiction, but if the financial crisis has taught us anything, its that fictions can still destroy the world. Alongside the material and ideological aspects you mentioned that go into making up the massively distributed existence of a corporation, there is also an occult dimension. Corporations are “egregores,” a term referring to the collective mind that emerges as a result of some coordinated social activities, especially those associated with ideas and brands. Eliphas Levi associates it with the nephalim written of in the Torah. These nephalim were depicted as giants with voracious appetites. They are mentioned just before the story of Noah’s Ark. Levi writes of them that they “crush us without pity because they are unaware of our existence.” Sounds familiar. And it speaks to the sense I had yesterday that shouting at the logos of tall buildings from the street is entirely ineffectual. Corporations don’t have ears to hear us.
How can we influence them, then? I think we need to counter the black magic of their fiat currency. I mused yesterday that, if the protests do balloon beyond all expectations such that the corporate execs watching on the 70th floor began to take notice, they would only have to push the emergency button they’ve installed in their board room causing the ATMs across the city to begin spewing money onto the streets. I imagine that this would send the protesters into a frenzy. They’d drop their signs and run to collect the cash. This is, after all, exactly what many are asking for, is it not? We want our money back! But if this were to happen, it is the corporations who would win again. So long as we all walk around with dollar bills printed by the privately owned and controlled FED, or with Visa, MasterCard, and AmEx logos in our pockets and purses, so long as we depend on the systems of signification the mega-banks have concocted for us to play their game of monopoly with, then we remain their prisoners. Shouting at logos is completely ineffectual. And so long as the FBI continues to arrest those who try to create alternative currencies, breaking free of this corrupt money system will remain difficult, if not impossible. But it is clear to me that there is definitely an occult dimension at work, which is not to say that invisible demons and dragons are waiting to eat us, but that the meaning-making capacity of our souls, as free members of democratic communities, has been infected and distorted beyond all recognition by the psychic power of corporate symbolism. Our biggest enemy is not just on Wall Street, it is inside each of us. We have been raised to be consumers. We do not know of another way to survive in the corporate environment. Our food and even our self-esteem are increasingly woven into corporate webs of semiosis. How can we fight back? By continuing to create and support culture free of commodification and branding. By working to free ourselves, body and soul, from the black magic shaping our lives. By continuing to fight to take our government back, broken as it may be, since it is only by organizing ourselves politically that we can mobilize our democratic power as the 99% against the magic monetary power of the 1%. This is going to be a long and difficult war of ideas, and there will be no visible victories for some time, I’m afraid to say. But the people will win eventually, I’m sure of that.
blessings,
Matt
[...] part of my ongoing philosophical ethnography of the OWS movement (part 1 is here), I attended the 9/15/11 rally in San Francisco’s financial district. Last time I focused on [...]
Matt: An ontological approach to the understanding of any corporation resides in a familiarization with the people who run it; i.e. the board of directors and the key management team. This latter group consists of a CEO, a Chief Financial Officer, a Controller, perhaps an operations head, and a varying cast of high-level vice presidents. These individuals are always introduced on a large company’s website, and further in the quarterly and annual filings the firm makes public in accordance with the Securities Exchange Commission requirements. The decisions a multinational makes are the product of debate and analysis, leading to a consensus among colleagues, if not a democratic process at the board level. What the Occupy movement is missing by a mile is the human element, as the objectification of corporations as monolithic and amorphous is based on a very rudimentary understanding of business fundamentals. By dwelling in vast generalizations, the scapegoating becomes easy; the rich, the one percent, the CEOs, the multinationals, the banks, the government. What is needed is a more refined level of discernment as to which corporations are legitimate targets for focused wrath, and which are the good ones that deserve our support and patronage. Further, the individuals within the culpable organizations are easily identified, as are their all-too-human decisions. There have been some extraordinarily egregious shenanigans in the banking world in the last few years that are grounded in decades of development and history. The perpetrators are well known and easily called out, but the protestations are not yet targeted at the identifiable cadre of predators that hide behind that apparently steely corporate veil. The executives that generated the mortgage crises are also the ones that benefited from the bailouts. OK, who are they? What are their names? And why did we expect anything different from them? A sharpened discernment based on real knowledge available to anyone that cares to look would lead to banners and effigies on parade down Wall Street with faces and names. The Occupy movement has no focus because there is little or no understanding that the corporate entity is a distinctly human one. The corporations that exert apparently human qualities like greed and predation do so because the people that run them are greedy and predatory. The more generalized the scapegoating, the farther the protestors stray from the real culprits. Meanwhile, the vast majority of American companies are run by people that take social responsibility very seriously, but their acts are poor fodder for headlines, and the discernment sufficient to praise their intentions is mightily diluted. Every corporation has its own culture, presence, and collaborative consciousness that invariably disseminates from the top downward. It might be interesting for you to examine the executives’ and board members’ credentials for companies like BP, Goldman Sachs, or Chevron, and imagine them sitting around a table making policy. But while you are at it, also examine the leaders of Hewlett Packard, Apple, or Boeing, who strive for outstanding citizenship. The corporate front that most of us encounter is ephemeral in many ways, but the people within each corporation are quite real, and collectively generate the being, the existence, and the reality of global commerce. If we are to study the ontology of multinationals, it must be done within the collective consciousness of each specific entity, as they are all vastly different, for better and for worse.
Felicitations, by the way,
Jeff Sturm
Thanks for the comments, Jeff. As the movements expand, I become continually impressed by people, such as yourself, who are emerging with very clear and level-headed assessments of the situation.
Thanks Adam. Good to hear your voice. If you can direct me to a few of these conversations it would be much appreciated.
Jeff
Adam, when you speak of the ontological problem of protesting transnational corporations, I was struck by the similarity of your description to Timothy Morton’s theory of the hyper-object. Morton makes many analogies of such an object, but particularly highlights climate change as an equally ontologically-problematic object. I wonder what Morton’s concept might bring to thinking about the occupy movement?
Guilty as charged, Peter. I was inspired by Morton’s thinking of climate change when trying to understand the disconnect I witnessed at the protest.
Morton notes that, in regards to hyperobjects, action in any direction often ends up being contradictory or hypocritical. I think the same is true of the OWS movement(s).
Protestors are mobilizing against corporations, but at the same time are forced to use smart phones, tablets, and computers (all of which are of course corporate products) to get their message out/coordinate with others. This mirrors closely what we observe with people trying to mitigate climate change (i.e., when people use advanced technology to monitor CC or when climate activists take to their planes to travel the world promote CC adaptation).
The question for me is how to actualize the principles of hyperobjects so as to steer their trajectory more accurately.